The Joint Committee on Cybersecurity, Information Technology, and Biotechnology originated as the Joint Technology Oversight Committee which started in July 2000 and was reauthorized in October 2003 (Chapter 11, Acts of 2000; Chapter 83, Acts of 2003). The Committee's charge was to review implementation of the Maryland Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act (Chapter 11, Acts of 2000; Code Commercial Law Article, secs. 21-101 through 21-816). To the Governor and General Assembly, the Committee could recommend changes in State law based on its findings. Additional technology-related issues could be considered by the Committee.

In October 2009, the Joint Technology Oversight Committee restructured as the Joint Information Technology and Biotechnology Committee (Chapter 140, Acts of 2009), and in June 2014 was reauthorized as the Joint Committee on Cybersecurity, Information Technology, and Biotechnology (Chapter 464, Acts of 2014).

To advance cybersecurity in Maryland, the Committee evaluates State cybersecurity systems and the adequacy of economic development, and job skills training programs. It works to increase knowledge, awareness, and support of advances in cybersecurity, information technology, and biotechnology, and also recommends actions to promote those industries in the State. At the behest of its co-chairs, the Committee may examine any issues relating to cybersecurity, information technology, and biotechnology.

The Committee consists of twelve members: six senators appointed by the Senate President, and six delegates named by the House Speaker (Code State Government Article, sec. 2-10A-13).